On every page, small numbers like [1] link to the source for that sentence. If a link stops working or a source changes its advice, we update the page.
Charities
- Asking for an EHC needs assessment · IPSEA
- Contact: for families with disabled children · Contact
- Don't jump the SEND law gun: the law has not changed · IPSEA
- Help if your child stammers · STAMMA
- IPSEA advice services · IPSEA
- What is autism? · National Autistic Society
International health bodies
- About Learn the Signs. Act Early. · CDC (USA)
- CDC's developmental milestones · CDC (USA)
- Milestones by 1 year · CDC (USA)
- Milestones by 18 months · CDC (USA)
- Milestones by 2 years · CDC (USA)
- Milestones by 3 years · CDC (USA)
- Milestones by 4 years · CDC (USA)
- Milestones by 5 years · CDC (USA)
- To grow up healthy, children need to sit less and play more · World Health Organization
NHS
- Bilingual and multilingual development · NHS Forth Valley speech and language therapy
- Cambridgeshire children's speech and language therapy service · Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust
An example of an NHS service where parents refer under-5s themselves. - Children's speech and language therapy · Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
An example of an NHS service that takes referrals from professionals. - Developmental stages (speech and language) · NELFT NHS Foundation Trust, with I CAN
- Getting an autism assessment · NHS
- Glue ear · NHS
- Hearing loss · NHS
- Hearing tests for children · NHS
- Help your baby learn to talk · NHS
- Learning to talk: 2 to 3 years · NHS Start for Life
- Signs of autism in children · NHS
- Speech and language development: 12 to 24 months · Great Ormond Street Hospital (NHS)
- Speech and language therapy referral guidelines: 2 years 6 months to 2 years 11 months · Hertfordshire Community NHS Trust
An example of one NHS area's rules. Other areas differ. - Stammering · NHS
- What is PALS (Patient Advice and Liaison Service)? · NHS
- Your baby's health and development reviews · NHS
Research
- Bishop et al. (2017). Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: terminology · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Dowdall et al. (2020). Shared picture book reading interventions for child language development: a systematic review and meta-analysis · Child Development
- Eriksson et al. (2012). Differences between girls and boys in emerging language skills: evidence from 10 language communities · British Journal of Developmental Psychology
- Fisher (2017). A systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of expressive-language outcomes among late talkers · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
- Heidlage et al. (2020). Parent-implemented communication interventions (summary on ASHA Evidence Maps) · ASHA Evidence Maps
- Madigan et al. (2020). Associations between screen use and child language skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis · JAMA Pediatrics
- Norbury et al. (2016). The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Rescorla (2011). Late talkers: do good predictors of outcome exist? · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
- Roberts & Kaiser (2011). The effectiveness of parent-implemented language interventions: a meta-analysis · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
- Siow et al. (2023). Double it up: vocabulary size comparisons between UK bilingual and monolingual toddlers · Infancy
Speech and language therapy bodies
- A profession under pressure · Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
- Bilingualism · Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
- Children who lead get the language they need · The Hanen Centre
- Developmental language disorder · Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
- It's worth the wait · The Hanen Centre
- Late language emergence (practice portal) · American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
- Late talkers: what we know, and what we don't · The Hanen Centre
- R.O.C.K. in people games · The Hanen Centre
UK Government
- Children with special educational needs: extra help · GOV.UK
- SEND Code of Practice: 0 to 25 years · Department for Education
- Screen time for under 5s · Best Start in Life (UK Government)